Towards Balanced Reciprocity: The Relationship between Landowners and Landless Peasants in the Rural Community

Imam Santosa, Muslihudin, Wiwiek R Adawiyah

doi:10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5283

Abstract

Reciprocity relationships are a necessity in human life. This study aims to describe the various factors that determine the formation of balanced reciprocity in the relationship between land owners and farm laborers. The research's location was determined intentionally in the rural areas of Purbalingga Regency and Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method with a semi-grounded phenomenological research design. The results showed that a balanced reciprocity relationship was determined by a variety of principal and smoothing factors. The identification results showed that the main determinants include opportunity, benefit, mutual trust, closeness of social relations, motives for reciprocal exchange, openness in communication, willingness to give transactions to accept and return. The array of determinants of smoothing factors is routine contact and communication, empathy, tolerance, length of relationship, regularity of social interactions, network of cooperation, solidarity, transaction ability, mutual control and evaluation. The existence and strength of these two types of determining factors have an important function in the formation of balanced reciprocity among agricultural land owners and farm laborers. Willingness, self-awareness and opportunity are very important to develop to form balanced reciprocity.

Highlights

The development of farming communities based on the potential of local resources is one of the conditions for achieving the goals of sustainable agricultural development
Farming communities have various social capitals that need to be managed to accelerate the dynamics of integrated agricultural development (Badaruddin et al, 2018; Mukti & Wibisono, 2016)
One of the social capitals that has an essential function in the development of a farming community is a network of cooperation in productive farm management

Summary

Introduction

The development of farming communities based on the potential of local resources is one of the conditions for achieving the goals of sustainable agricultural development. One of the social capitals that has an essential function in the development of a farming community is a network of cooperation in productive farm management. In the continuation of the cooperative network of farmer communities, social relations in the form of reciprocity are among the determinants of farmers' performance productivity. The reciprocity that exists between farming communities with different socio-economic status determines the sustainability of efficient and environmentally friendly farming management (Courtois & Subervie, 2014; Dumasari et al, 2020). The reciprocal relationship between agricultural land owners and farm laborers is one form of reciprocal exchange that is important to manage in order to lead to symmetrical and balanced cooperation. Balanced reciprocity certainly provides economic and social benefits to agricultural land owners and farm laborers

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Conclusion