Abstract
ABSTRACTIn 2015, it was adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The year after, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) officially came into force. In 2015, GEO (Group on Earth Observation) declared to support the implementation of SDGs. The GEO Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) required a change of paradigm, moving from a data-centric approach to a more knowledge-driven one. To this end, the GEO System-of-Systems (SoS) framework may refer to the well-known Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm. In the context of an Earth Observation (EO) SoS, a set of main elements are recognized as connecting links for generating knowledge from EO and non-EO data – e.g. social and economic datasets. These elements are: Essential Variables (EVs), Indicators and Indexes, Goals and Targets. Their generation and use requires the development of a SoS KB whose management process has evolved the GEOSS Software Ecosystem into a GEOSS Social Ecosystem. This includes: collect, formalize, publish, access, use, and update knowledge. ConnectinGEO project analysed the knowledge necessary to recognize, formalize, access, and use EVs. The analysis recognized GEOSS gaps providing recommendations on supporting global decision-making within and across different domains.
Highlights
Sustainable development concerns three main dimensionalities: economic, social, and environmental extents; in our time, humanity is facing important challenges in all of them
Each Essential Variables (EVs) can be seen as a valuable piece of knowledge, which must be managed through its own lifecycle, as a constituent part of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Knowledge Base (KB)
To implement access to the existing EVs managed by the GEOSS Platform, ConnectinGEO carried out a gap analysis and recognized several shortcomings that seem to stem from the first two phases of the EVs lifecycle, in the GEOSS framework
Summary
Sustainable development concerns three main dimensionalities: economic, social, and environmental extents; in our time, humanity is facing important challenges in all of them. Global environmental changes are mostly induced by human activities and have reached a scale where increasing pressures may lead to cross Earth system thresholds (e.g. Planetary Boundaries) with potential irreversible consequences (Rockström, Bai, and deVries 2018). The need for action, to address global challenges, is reflected in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. They encompass the three pillars of sustainable development, including: poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, gender equality, water, sanitation, energy, urbanization, environment, and social justice. In the context of this paper, we will mainly focus on the sustainability challenges that have an environmental dimension and that can be monitored using Earth Observations (EO)
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