Abstract
Abstract. This paper deals with the establishment of a comprehensive methodological framework that defines 3D visualisation rules and its application in a decision support tool. Whilst the use of 3D models grows in many application fields, their visualisation remains challenging from the point of view of mapping and rendering aspects to be applied to suitability support the decision making process. Indeed, there exists a great number of 3D visualisation techniques but as far as we know, a decision support tool that facilitates the production of an efficient 3D visualisation is still missing. This is why a comprehensive methodological framework is proposed in order to build decision tables for specific data, tasks and contexts. Based on the second-order logic formalism, we define a set of functions and propositions among and between two collections of entities: on one hand static retinal variables (hue, size, shape…) and 3D environment parameters (directional lighting, shadow, haze…) and on the other hand their effect(s) regarding specific visual tasks. It enables to define 3D visualisation rules according to four categories: consequence, compatibility, potential incompatibility and incompatibility. In this paper, the application of the methodological framework is demonstrated for an urban visualisation at high density considering a specific set of entities. On the basis of our analysis and the results of many studies conducted in the 3D semiotics, which refers to the study of symbols and how they relay information, the truth values of propositions are determined. 3D visualisation rules are then extracted for the considered context and set of entities and are presented into a decision table with a colour coding. Finally, the decision table is implemented into a plugin developed with three.js, a cross-browser JavaScript library. The plugin consists of a sidebar and warning windows that help the designer in the use of a set of static retinal variables and 3D environment parameters.
Highlights
Following the constant evolution of computer sciences and acquisition techniques, many researches have been conducted in the field of 3D visualisation (Häberling et al, 2008; Métral et al, 2014; Semmo et al, 2015)
Which visual variables best suit the distinction between two categories of 3D objects; should we apply shadow or not in a 3D navigation system; how to visualise the roads occluded by the building? As a consequence, selecting an appropriate 3D visualisation technique becomes complex, especially when being non-expert and dealing with new combinations of criteria (Métral et al, 2014)
Since the study of (Jobst et al, 2008) does not provide a general scope, a methodological framework is proposed in order to determine all potential relations among and between static retinal variables and 3D environment parameters
Summary
Following the constant evolution of computer sciences and acquisition techniques, many researches have been conducted in the field of 3D visualisation (Häberling et al, 2008; Métral et al, 2014; Semmo et al, 2015). As a consequence, selecting an appropriate 3D visualisation technique becomes complex, especially when being non-expert and dealing with new combinations of criteria (data, task or context) (Métral et al, 2014). This is why a decision support tool is proposed in this paper. To build the decision support tool, a methodological framework is developed based on the second-order logic formalism It enables to define 3D visualisation rules, classified into four categories (consequence, compatibility, incompatibility and potential incompatibility) through a set of functions and propositions among and between two collections of entities:.
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