Abstract
BackgroundTechnological advances have enabled the widespread use of video cases via web-streaming and online download as an educational medium. The use of real subjects to demonstrate acute pathology should aid the education of health care professionals. However, the methodology by which this effect may be tested is not clear.MethodsWe undertook a literature review of major databases, found relevant articles relevant to using patient video cases as educational interventions, extracted the methodologies used and assessed these methods for internal and construct validity.ResultsA review of 2532 abstracts revealed 23 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and a final review of 18 of relevance. Medical students were the most commonly studied group (10 articles) with a spread of learner satisfaction, knowledge and behaviour tested. Only two of the studies fulfilled defined criteria on achieving internal and construct validity. The heterogeneity of articles meant it was not possible to perform any meta-analysis.ConclusionsPrevious studies have not well classified which facet of training or educational outcome the study is aiming to explore and had poor internal and construct validity. Future research should aim to validate a particular outcome measure, preferably by reproducing previous work rather than adopting new methods. In particular cognitive processing enhancement, demonstrated in a number of the medical student studies, should be tested at a postgraduate level.
Highlights
Introduction of patient No justification forYes video clips into answer analysis is computer-based given testing: Effects on item standard methodology statistics and reliability applied. estimates [25]Problems with questions with low discrimination values identified and subject to supplemental analysis.Items with RPB values of zero or less than 0.2 removed no explanation of why these values were chosen
Others have argued contextual factors not classified under these domains may be significant [6], the Kirkpatrick model still remains a valid methodology with systematic reviews using the process to examine training effectiveness [8]
Two studies evaluated both undergraduate and basic postgraduate trainees leading to a total of 21 studies of health care professional groups and two studies evaluated both learner knowledge and learner behaviour leading to a total of 20 studies of the relevant Kirkpatrick level
Summary
Introduction of patient No justification forYes video clips into answer analysis is computer-based given testing: Effects on item standard methodology statistics and reliability applied. estimates [25]Problems with questions with low discrimination values identified and subject to supplemental analysis.Items with RPB values of zero or less than 0.2 removed no explanation of why these values were chosen. Yes video clips into answer analysis is computer-based given testing: Effects on item standard methodology statistics and reliability applied. The use of real subjects to demonstrate acute pathology should aid the education of health care professionals. Others have argued contextual factors not classified under these domains may be significant [6], the Kirkpatrick model still remains a valid methodology with systematic reviews using the process to examine training effectiveness [8]. A healthcare relevant modification of the Kirkpatrick model has been used in a study of inter-professional education in health and social care [9]. When using the Kirkpatrick model, or other relevant frameworks for assessing an educational or training intervention, the outcome measures and the methodology by which they are obtained must be valid. The concepts of internal and construct validity are classifications with direct relevance to outcome measures and are components of methodological quality used by the Campbell Collaboration [10,11]
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