Toward quantum computers by designing a new nano-scale arithmetic & logic unit

Abstract

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is reaching its physical boundaries due to lithographic issues and diminishing scaling advantages. Options to conventional CMOS are becoming more popular, including quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), nonmagnetic logic, tunneling phase logic, single-electron tunneling, etc. In actuality, QCA adheres to the logic of quantum computers; a quantum computer is a paradigm of how to build a computer. Quantum computers, according to the theory, can execute operations on data using quantum physics concepts such as superposition and entanglement. Quantum characteristics can be utilized to represent data and perform operations on it, which is the underlying premise of quantum computation. As a result, QCA has been proposed as a technology for building circuits at the nano-scale for quantum computing. This technique claims minimal power loss, fast velocity, low occupied area, and great density since the circuits have no electric flows. One of the most crucial and important parts of a microprocessor is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which is the key component of the central processing unit (CPU). A unique ALU based on QCA is proposed in this article. In this article, the best AND, OR, XOR, full-adder, and multiplexer circuit are used, which have been examined in detail. The QCADesigner-E program develops and simulates the structure of the recommended ALU. The recommended ALU was also investigated and contrasted with contemporary designs regarding cell counts, area, and temporal complexity. Exactly 185 cells and two clock periods are taken by this design. The number of cells has decreased by 26% in the suggested ALU.