Abstract
Various species of hardwood chips were subjected to steam explosion at 180-230°C for 1-20 min. The three main components, hemi-cellulose, lignin, and cellulose were fractionated by successive extraction with water and 90% dioxane. The water extracts were composed of neutral and acidic sugars in addition to the degradation products of hemicellulose. The neutral sugars consisted of xylose and xylooligosaccharides (DP 2-10). The oligosaccharides were hydrolyzed to xylose with immobilized enzyme preparations on ceramics. The amounts of extractable lignin were quite different between species. Syringyl lignin became more soluble than guaiacyl lignin on steaming. The lignins were converted to carbon fibers or adhesives by modification with hydrogenolysis or phenolysis. The residual cellulosic materials were hydrolyzed with cellulase and fermented to single cell protein.
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