Total cardiovascular risk among native population of Kyrgyzstan with diabetes mellitus type 2 and impaired glucose tolerance in high- and low-altitude regions

Abstract

Objective: In diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2, there is a very high risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) events. We aimed to study the total CV risk of the indigenous people of Kyrgyzstan with impaired carbohydrate metabolism (DM type 2 and impaired glucose tolerance, IGT), depending on the region of residence (low and high altitudes), and to develop targeted preventive measures. Methods: Overall, 248 families (992 people) in the Naryn (high-altitude) (study group) and 260 families (1041 people) in the Chui region (low-altitude) (control group) were surveyed and 363 people with DM type 2 and IGT were identified, of which: 138 people in the study group and 225 people in the control group. Results: In patients with DM type 2 and IGT, moderate CV risk was found in the low-altitude and high-altitude in men and women aged 46–65 years, the leading risk factor in men is BMI&qt;25 kg/m2; in women, hypertension (HT) and hypercholesterolemia. A high risk of CV complications was detected only in the low-altitude in men aged 46–65 years, the leading risk factor is HT. High and very high risk of CV complications are rarely found both in the low-altitude and in the high-altitude. Conclusion: During stratification of total CV risk, 363 people with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (DM type 2 and IGT) of 2033 native population living in 2 regions of Kyrgyzstan revealed features of the total CV risk: BMI&qt;25kg/m2 for men of high- altitude and low-altitude, HT and hypercholesterolemia for women of high-altitude, and for men, low-altitude only HT. Both in the high-altitude and in the low-altitude, low and moderate CV risk are predominantly expressed, and high and very high CV risk are rare.