Total antioxidant status and adiponectin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Antioxidants play a key role in treating and reducing the complication of diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin exerts insulin-sensitizing effects and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, which may play crucial roles in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pathophysiology. This study aim at evaluating total antioxidant status and adiponectin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus patients. The study evaluated a cross sectional design in which a total of 160 subjects between the ages of 18- 40 years were recruited for the study. Sixty (60) subjects were gestational diabetic women, 50 non-diabetic pregnant women as Control1 all attending Antenatal clinics at BarauDikko Teaching Hospital, Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital and GwamnaAwan General Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria as well as 50 apparently healthy non-pregnant non diabetic staff as Control2. From the participants, 60 were gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM) (37.50%) with mean age 30.93 ± 0.55years, 50 non GDM pregnant women (31.25%) with mean age 27.68±0.50 years and 50 non GDM non pregnant (31.25%) with mean age 29.24±0.42 years. Adiponectin (APN) level was significantly lower compared with total antioxidant status (TAS) and vitamin C levels in pregnant women. The random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2 hours prospandial blood glucose (2HBG) concentrations in GDM patients and Controls 1 and 2 subjects were all significant different (p < 0.05). However, inter group comparism of C1vsC2 in RBG, FBG and 2HBG were all similar (p>0.05). The correlations between AGE vs BMI was significant (r= 0.276, p < 0.05), Age vs 2HBG (r = -0.256, p <0.05) FBG vsRBG (r = 0.369 p<0.05). FBG versus 2HBG (r = 0.646 p<0.05) and 2HBG vs RBG (r = 0.524, p<0.05) in GDM patients. The study indicated a relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and adiponectin in pregnant women with GDM compared pregnant women without GDM and control none pregnant women. Majority of the women take daily intake of vegetables, which could positively affect their antioxidant status. There was significantly lower APN compared with TAS, while a significant level of vitamin C compared with APN.