Abstract

Abstract

Highlights

  • Melting and freezing processes between ice and water play an important role in the environment

  • The interplay between flow dynamics and phase changes leading to the generation and persistence of topographical features in the environment is of fundamental importance

  • The key findings of our work are that (i) streamwise topographical features emerge from uneven melting and freezing at a phase boundary when the flow is driven by a pressure gradient, and that (ii) the type of density stratification affects the characteristic amplitude and spanwise wavelength of the streamwise patterns

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Summary

Introduction

Melting and freezing processes between ice and water play an important role in the environment. Dissolution of a phase boundary, i.e. with phase changes driven by concentration gradients rather than temperature effects, in a gravitationally unstable fluid can lead to convective motions and the generation of three-dimensional topography (even in the absence of a large-scale circulation), as shown by experiments (Kerr 1994; Sullivan, Liu & Ecke 1996) and numerical simulations (Philippi et al 2019). Our study aims to contribute to the physical understanding of topography generation by shear flows at horizontal boundaries and the associated changes in mean melt rates, as most recently investigated theoretically by Claudin et al (2017) and experimentally by Bushuk et al (2019). In appendices A–D, we provide additional details about the method and results

Phase-field method
Dimensionless equations
Variables of interest
Results
Simulation stages and global flow variables
Spontaneous generation of channels and keels
Coupled dynamics of the fluid and solid phases
Geophysical discussion
Concluding remarks

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