Abstract
ObjectiveThe focus of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is difference between the surface roughness and topography of flow resins used as bioprotective materials of orthodontic mini-implants. Thirty test specimens (5 mm × 3 mm) of flow resins were used, divided into 3 groups (n = 10): Group W (Wave), Group TC (Top Comfort) and Group F (Filtek Z350 XT). Topographic analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness measurement by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). One-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical evaluation (p < .05). By SEM, Group W presented a surface that was not very homogeneous with inorganic particles of up to 5 μm; in a similar manner and with a larger number of particles, Group TC was shown to have particles close to 3 μm in size. Whereas, Group F presented a more homogeneous and regular surface with few inorganic particles of 1 μm. AFM demonstrated that there was a significantly higher degree of surface roughness in Group W, which showed statistically significant difference from Group F (p = .007), and no significant difference between Group TC and the other groups (p > .05). The hypothesis was partially accepted; it could be affirmed that the flow resin Filtek Z350 presented a lower degree of surface roughness, and had smaller and more uniformly distributed inorganic particles when compared with the Wave and Top Comfort resins.
Highlights
The majority of resins used in orthodontics [1,2,3,4] have a smaller quantity of load than the traditional resin composite [5,6,7,8,9]
The physical and mechanical [11,15] properties of flow resins are aligned with the notion that the proximity of mini-implants [10] to the gingiva and oral tissues, make the surface topography and roughness important items to consider in the selection of these resins
Three flow resins were evaluated with regard to surface topography and roughness, and were divided into 3 groups: Group W (Wave), Group TC (Top Comfort) and Group F (Filtek Z350 XT) (Table 1)
Summary
The majority of resins used in orthodontics [1,2,3,4] have a smaller quantity of load than the traditional resin composite [5,6,7,8,9]. The question has arisen about whether the topography and surface roughness of these resins could favor the retention of food and pathogenic bacteria [10], because of the heterogeneous nature of their resin components, such as the type, size, shape and composition of the load particles, quality and quantity of the organic component, type of bond and polymerization system [11,15,16] which may generate or aggravate a peri-implant [10] inflammation [17]. Apart from the physical properties of the material, regular tooth brushing may increase the roughness on the surface of these fluid resins, making them more propense to biofilm accumulation [18] and gingival tissue inflammation [11,19]. The focus of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are differences between the surface roughness and topography of flow resins used as bioprotective materials of orthodontic mini-implants
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