Abstract
Modern progress in forensic molecular genetic examination allow to obtain information about a particular person using traces variety of biological origin especially while committing grave crimes against human life and health, that are usually found at the scene and belong to a human body. A significant advantage of this method under crime investigation is precisely the safe exclusion of suspected persons not involved in the commission of a crime, in identifying those who committed a crime with a high probability level. At the present stage of forensic molecular genetic examination development there are significant gaps in legislation that are solved by adopting relevant normative and legal acts and improving existing ones. Effective method for of DNA analysis development is the creation of appropriate bases of genetic features of a person. However, the legislative consolidation of this process should take place in the context of respecting and protecting personal rights. However, terms of performing molecular genetic examination significantly exceed the terms of pre-trial investigation. This problem can be solved by expanding network of laboratories that perform such examination. Despite presence of a small number of problems, it is possible to affirm that DNA analysis is the most effective and reliable of all known methods of person identification at the present stage. At present, expert molecular genetic analysis develops not only as a section of molecular genetic research but also as a complete element of criminalistic knowledge that is aimed at investigating and disclosing crimes. Therefore, implementation of molecular genetic research methods into the practice of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine will significantly increase investigation effectiveness of many serious crimes against person.
Highlights
This article presents problems related to understanding, classification and implementation of the principles of organization and operation of automated systems in forensic expert activity
We have provided a detailed analysis of such fundamental principles of automated system activity, namely: principle of legality; principle of information selection; principle of using hardware and software modules; principle of the possibility of step-bystep creating an information system; principle of simplicity and flexibility in terms of specific requirements of concrete information system application; principle of system acceptance for user of the “human – machine” dialogue; principle of distribution of information support; principle of task originality; principle of structural organization; principle of system approach; principle of combining the preparation of primary and machine documents; the principle of consistency of bandwidth of individual parts of a system; principle of data bank security; principle of using a professional language, etc
Використання молекулярно-генетичної ідентифікації особи за біологічними слідами дозволяє вирішити декілька завдань
Summary
This article presents problems related to understanding, classification and implementation of the principles of organization and operation of automated systems in forensic expert activity. АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ СУДОВОЇ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМНІ ПИТАННЯ ЩОДО ЇЇ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ Розглянуто особливості та сучасні можливості використання молекулярно-генетичних методів дослідження під час кримінального провадження.
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