Abstract
Background: Alopecia, a chronic dermatological inflammatory condition affecting the hair follicles. Conventional treatments are associated with the risk of serious side effects. The stratum corneum limits the percutaneous absorption of drugs. Hence, the development of novel herbal formulations for topical delivery has been the target, with the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy and safety of use.
 Aims: To formulate and characterize Fenugreek seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles carrier for the management of Alopecia to reduce the systemic side effects.
 Methodology: Fenugreek seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by melt emulsification accompanied by probe sonication. The formulation was prepared using GMS, Tween 80, and Soya lecithin as Lipid, Surfactant, and Co-Surfactant. The SLN was incorporated into carbapol 934 dispersion to convert it into a gel. The SLN formulation was evaluated for size, Polydispersity Index, Zeta Potential, Entrapment efficiency, Transmission Electron Microscopy. After that, the SLN gel was examined for Spreadability, Extrudabilty, Viscosity, In vitro drug release, Ex vivo permeation, and Skin deposition studies.
 Results: The formulated Fenugreek seed extract loaded showed a particle size of 223.36 nm with a narrow PDI of 0.313. Entrapment efficiency revealed that 74.56±0.12% of the drug was entrapped. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the spherical nature of the SLN. The extended-release pattern of the formulated SLN for 24h was observed in the in vitro release studies and followed Higuchi model(R2=0.9964). Ex vivo permeability showed a 72.05±0.15% deposition of Fenugreek seed extract loaded SLN. The formulation was stable for three months without significant changes.
 Conclusion: Fenugreek seed extract loaded NLC demonstrated enhanced permeation, improved skin retention, and extended release compared to conventional gel. The developed formulation would be further used for in vivo studies and by seeing above results it can be an alternative for Alopecia in the future.
Highlights
Alopecia, a chronic dermatological inflammatory condition affecting the hair follicles which arises from the combination of genetic and environmental influences [1]
Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the spherical nature of the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
The entrapment efficiency of the optimized SLN was 74.56 ± 0.12%, which suggests the minimum loss of drug in the formulation
Summary
A chronic dermatological inflammatory condition affecting the hair follicles which arises from the combination of genetic and environmental influences [1]. Conventional treatments include topical and oral antibiotics, oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist like pioglitazone hydrochloride [3]. These treatment approaches are associated with the risk of serious side effects such as skin irritation, bruising, itching, allergic contact dermatitis, blisters at the site of application, and suppression of immunity due to prolonged treatment. Aims: To formulate and characterize Fenugreek seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles carrier for the management of Alopecia to reduce the systemic side effects. Conclusion: Fenugreek seed extract loaded NLC demonstrated enhanced permeation, improved skin retention, and extended release compared to conventional gel. The developed formulation would be further used for in vivo studies and by seeing above results it can be an alternative for Alopecia in the future
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