Abstract
BackgroundTooth abnormalities are most often present in individuals with oral clefts than general population, and lead to a long-term impact on facial anatomy and self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to compare the proportion of dental anomalies between the cleft side and non-cleft side in individuals with non-syndromic unilateral alveolar clefts (AC).Material and MethodsTwenty cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were converted into three-dimensional (3D) virtual models. The dental anomalies considered were: tooth agenesis; supernumerary teeth; giroversion; and microdontia. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar’s test and Fisher’s exact test (p<0.05).ResultsStatistically significant differences were not found either between the prevalence of individuals with dental abnormalities on the non-cleft side and the sides of the AC (p = 1.00), or sex (p = 0.36). Tooth agenesis was the most prevalent dental anomaly (55.6%). On the cleft side the lateral incisor was tooth most involved by dental anomalies; and the second premolar was the most affected on the non-cleft side.ConclusionsThis study showed a high frequency of dental anomalies in the cleft individuals and indicated that the side of AC and sex do not interfere in the proportion of dental anomalies on non-cleft side. Key words:Cone beam computed tomography, Hypodontia, Tooth abnormalities.
Highlights
The development of facial structures and oral cavity follows a complex sequence of events involving the coordination for cell migration, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis
Out of the 5 patients with alveolar clefts (AC) on the right side, 3 (60%) showed abnormalities contralaterally; as for the 15 others with the AC located on the left side, dental anomalies were found on the right side in 5 (33.3%)
The teeth most affected by agenesis was distributed in the following order: lateral incisors side on cleft side, second premolars on non-cleft side, second premolars on cleft side, and lateral incisors on non-cleft side
Summary
The development of facial structures and oral cavity follows a complex sequence of events involving the coordination for cell migration, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis Disturbances in these events between the fifth and tenth week of fetal life may affect the development or embryonic processes fusion, resulting in the formation of orofacial clefts [1]. The major aim of this study was to compare the proportion of dental anomalies between the cleft side and non-cleft side in individuals with unilateral alveolar clefts (AC). Tooth abnormalities are most often present in individuals with oral clefts than general population, and lead to a long-term impact on facial anatomy and self-esteem. Conclusions: This study showed a high frequency of dental anomalies in the cleft individuals and indicated that the side of AC and sex do not interfere in the proportion of dental anomalies on non-cleft side
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