Tool use by captive chimpanzees at an artificial termite mound

Abstract

AbstractThis study examines tool use by a colony of captive chimpanzees at an artificial termite mound. The mound, constructed of concrete, simulates the termite mounds which are used as food sources by wild chimpanzees who extract the termites using grass or twig‐type tools. In the present study, tool availability was manipulated, specifically the type of tool, and the distance of tool material from the mound. The type of food available in the mound was also varied. Tool‐making and tool‐using behavior was examined in relation to individual, age, and sex differences.The artificial mound proved to be a viable simulation of the naturally occurring mounds, with most of the chimpanzees exploiting the food in the mound by using tools over the period of study. Interesting individual differences emerged in the way that the chimpanzees selected and used tools, some preferring to move some distance from the mound to collect “off‐the‐peg” tools, others preferring to sit and fashion a tool from material available nearer the mound. Also, some chimpanzees used both ends of a tool, while others used only one end. There were significant age differences in activity at the mound, the younger chimpanzees spending more time at the mound, using tools previously used by others, and manipulating the mound holes manually. Sex differences, although not significant, were apparent. The artificial mound provides the chimpanzees with a stimulating and rewarding activity, interest and enjoyment for the public, and an opportunity for researchers to study tool use under more controlled conditions than are possible in the field.