Tomosynthesis imaging of the wrist using a CNT x-ray source array

Abstract

Tomosynthesis imaging has been demonstrated as an alternative to MRI and CT for orthopedic imaging. Current commercial tomosynthesis scanners are large in-room devices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of designing a compact tomosynthesis device for extremity imaging at the point-of-care utilizing a carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source array. The feasibility study was carried out using a short linear CNT source array with limited number of x-ray emitting focal spots. The short array was mounted on a translation stage and moved linearly to mimic imaging configurations with up to 40 degrees angular coverage at a source-to-detector distance of 40cm. The receptor was a 12x12cm flat panel digital detector. An anthropomorphic phantom and cadaveric wrist specimens were imaged at 55kVp under various exposure conditions. The projection images were reconstructed with an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Image quality was assessed by musculoskeletal radiologists. Reconstructed tomosynthesis slice images were found to display a higher level of detail than projection images due to reduction of superposition. Joint spaces and abnormalities such as cysts and bone erosion were easily visualized. Radiologists considered the overall utility of the tomosynthesis images superior to conventional radiographs. This preliminary study demonstrated that the CNT x-ray source array has the potential to enable tomosynthesis imaging of extremities at the point-of-care. Further studies are necessary to optimize the system and x-ray source array configurations in order to construct a dedicated device for diagnostic and interventional applications.