Stationary Digital Breast Tomosynthesis System that Uses a Carbon Nanotube X-ray Source Array: a Feasibility Study

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Mammography has been a good method of performing early screening to detect breast cancer. An alternative technique, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), which is based on limited-angle tomography, solves the overlapping problem associated with mammography but also has limitations. To decrease the limitations of motion artifacts and poor reconstructed image quality that are imposed by the use of a rotating anode with a single X-ray source in conventional DBT, we have developed and demonstrated a stationary DBT (s-DBT) system that uses a carbon nanotube (CNT) X-ray source array. This arc array consists of 9 X-ray-generating focal spots distributed across a 38.7° angle. Compared with a traditional thermal emission X-ray source, a CNT X-ray source has several desirable attributes, such as miniaturization, fast response time, efficient focusing and improved control of emitted electrons; as a result, the tested system can acquire projection images by electronically switching individual X-ray sources on and off conveniently without mechanical motion of either the X-ray source or the detector, leading to improved spatial resolution of acquired images and reduced radiation doses. The tested system was developed in an attempt to find a feasible method to avoid adverse effects and improve image quality relative to conventional DBT systems, and the results reconstructed using a modified form of FDK algorithm indicate the achievement of this objective.