Abstract
In sustainable cropping systems, the management of herbivorous arthropods is a challenge for the high performance of the tomato crop. One way to reduce the damage caused by these pests is the use of resistant cultivars within a sustainable integrated management system. The host selection of Tetranychus urticae, Bemisia tabaci, and Tuta absoluta was evaluated, characterizing their preference among the tomato genotypes RVTZ2011-79-503-143, RVTZ2011-79-335-164, RVTZ2011-79-185-250 (high zingiberene content—HZC), and RVTZ2011-79-117-273 (low zingiberene content—LZC). Such genotypes were selected in the F2BC2 generation (the F2 generation of the 2th backcross towards Solanum lycopersicum after the inicial interspecific cross S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites var. hirsutum), resulting from crossing Solanum habrochaites var. hirsutum PI-127826 (HZC and resistant to mites) and the commercial cv. Redenção (S. lycopersicum) (LZC and susceptible to mites). In choice and no-choice bioassays by T. urticae, and in choice bioassays by B. tabaci and T. absoluta, arthropods preferred to stay and oviposit in an LZC genotype. In contrast, genotypes with HZC showed repellency to pests and induced a non-preference for oviposition. The F2BC2 genotypes selected for HZC are considered sources of resistance genes to these pests for tomato breeding programs, and therefore have excellent potential for sustainable cropping systems. These results represent an advance in obtaining tomato genetic materials which can be used in sustainable production systems with less loss from pests.
Highlights
The adoption of genetically resistant plant materials is one of the main strategies for pest management in sustainable tomato crops, in which the use of pesticides should be reduced or mitigated due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health [1,2,3]
In order to characterize resistant tomato genotypes to be used in breeding programs, we investigated the degrees of resistance of F2 BC2 genotypes with high levels of zingiberene which were obtained from interspecific crossing between S. habrochaites var. hirsutum and S. lycopersicum
The combinations of genotypes offered to T. urticae influenced the choice of females, which showed a rejection of the F2 BC2 genotypes with High zingiberene content (HZC)
Summary
The adoption of genetically resistant plant materials is one of the main strategies for pest management in sustainable tomato crops, in which the use of pesticides should be reduced or mitigated due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health [1,2,3]. A large number of biochemical and morphological characteristics have been related to tomato resistance to several key and secondary crop pests. Biochemical factors such as allelochemicals, proteins, and several metabolites are often associated with the morphological structures of species like trichomes, mesoderm, and parenchyma, among many other [4,5,6]. The resistance mechanism of wild species is associated with the presence and exudation of allelochemicals present mainly in glandular trichomes of stems, leaves, and fruit [14,15,16,17,18]
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