Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn., is a major pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other crops throughout the tropics and subtropics. The objectives of this study were to characterize 255 accessions of S. galapagense, S. cheesmaniae and S. pimpinellifolium for trichome types, and to evaluate selected accessions with high densities of glandular trichomes for resistance to whitefly. Twenty-two accessions classified as either sparse or abundant for type IV trichomes were selected and evaluated for numbers of adults, eggs, nymphs, and puparium of whitefly in choice bioassays, for adult mortality and egg numbers in no-choice bioassays, and for densities of type I, IV, V, and VI trichomes. The highest whitefly resistance was detected in S. galapagense accessions VI063177 and VI037239 based on choice and no-choice bioassays. In addition, we found high levels of whitefly resistance in S. cheesmaniae accession VI037240 based on the choice bioassay and in S. pimpinellifolium accession VI030462 based on the no-choice bioassay. Whitefly resistance in VI037240 and VI030462 is noteworthy because these species are closely related to cultivated tomato and introgression of whitefly resistance should be relatively straightforward. High densities of type IV trichomes and low densities of type V trichomes were associated with reduced numbers of whitefly adults, nymphs, puparium, and eggs in the choice bioassay and with high adult whitefly mortality in the no-choice bioassay. Preliminary trichome analysis followed by choice and no-choice assays facilitated rapid identification of whitefly-resistant accessions from a large pool of candidates of different species.
Highlights
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables worldwide, with a global production of 162 million tons with a net value of more than $59 billion in 2012 (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 2012) statistics; http:// faostat.fao.org)
A total of 255 accessions of S. cheesmaniae, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium were characterized (Supplementary Table 1) for presence and densities on the abaxial leaf surface of trichome types I, IV, V and VI associated with insect resistance in the genus Solanum
Type I was mostly absent in the S. pimpinellifolium accessions while a wide range in densities of type VI trichomes were found; only accession VI009107 entirely lacked type VI trichomes
Summary
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables worldwide, with a global production of 162 million tons with a net value of more than $59 billion in 2012 (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 2012) statistics; http:// faostat.fao.org). The most predominant and damaging biotypes are biotype B ( known as Middle East-Minor Asia 1 genetic group (MEAM1), hereafter referred to as B) and biotype Q ( known as the Mediterranean genetic group (MED), hereafter referred to as Q). These biotypes have spread from their native ranges to as many as 60 countries (Pan et al 2013) causing annual losses of $1 to 2 billion (Jiang et al 2012). Begomoviruses that cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease are the most numerous of the B. tabaci-transmitted viruses and early tomato yellow leaf curl infection can cause 100 % yield loss (Saikia and Muniyappa 1989)
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