Tolerability of statin-fibrate and statin-niacin combination therapy in dyslipidemic patients at high risk for cardiovascular events

Abstract

Achieving recommended cholesterol and triglyceride targets for the prevention of cardiovascular events is difficult and frequently requires the use of >1 lipid-lowering medication. This study evaluated the tolerability and effectiveness of combination regimens in high-risk dyslipidemic patients resistant to monotherapy. A retrospective chart review of all patients referred to a cardiovascular risk reduction clinic over a 7.5-year period identified 136 patients who received combination therapy with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) plus fibrate (n = 106) or a statin plus niacin (n = 30) regimen. During follow-up (mean 18.5 months), 28 patients (20.6%) discontinued combination therapy: 11 (8.1%) experienced myalgia with or without elevated creatine kinase, 3 had gastrointestinal upset, and 1 had asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation. No patient had combination therapy discontinued due to elevated liver enzymes. Medications were stopped in 8 patients for reasons other than reported adverse effects or biochemical abnormalities, and 5 patients were switched to alternate monotherapy. Mean percent change from baseline to treatment with combination therapy for total cholesterol (−35%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–37%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+23%), triglycerides (−62%), and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (−41%) were all statistically significant (p <0.01). These results demonstrate that combination statin-fibrate and statin-niacin regimens are safe and effective in managing dyslipidemias in most patients at risk for cardiovascular events who are inadequately treated with one of these agents alone.