TOKSISITAS DAN AKTIVITAS REPELLEN EKSTRAK DAUN TITONIA TERHADAP KUTU PUTIH

Abstract

<em>Titonia (</em>Tithonia diversifolia<em>) is a wild </em><em>species commonly found in the medium to high altidudes. Titonia leaves contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, and tannins that can act as a botanical fungicide and insecticides, antifeedant, as well as antioviposition. The bioactive content in the titonia leaf can be used to control whitefly (</em>Aleurodicus dugesii<em>), the important insect pest of iler </em>(Plectranthus scutellarioides). The r<em>esearch was conducted to determine the toxicity and repellency of tithonia leaf extracts against whiteflies. Tithonia leaf was extracted with infundation method using water as a solvent. The study was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with concentrations of tithonia leaves extract was 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>, repeated five times. The toxicity was tested by spraying water extract of </em>T. diversifolia<em> leaves on whiteflies (0.5 ml/adult insect). After 60 minutes of application, the whiteflies then were inserted into a chamber containing </em>P. scutellarioides<em>. The repellency was examined by multiple choice method using four </em>P. scutellarioides<em> plants sprayed with water extract of </em>T. diversifolia<em> leaves (250 ml/plant). The observation on toxicity performed everyday for seven days, while the repellency was observed </em><em>for 48 hours. The extracts water of </em>T. diversifolia<em> leaf 4 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> was toxic to whiteflies as contact poison with LC<sub>50</sub> was 3.192 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> and LT<sub>50</sub> was 4.169 days. Moreover, concentration of 0.5 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> was effective as repellent for whiteflies. Botanical insecticide containing water extract of </em>T. diversifolia<em> leaves can be used to prevent and control whiteflies attack on </em>P. scutellarioides<em>.</em>