Abstract
At present, many new urban areas adopt the transit-oriented development (TOD) exploitation concept to achieve sustainable urban development, accurately predict parking demand under TOD exploitation, determine factors that influence demand, and establish demand models that are essential to the formation of a reasonable traffic structure in the new urban area. The present study aims to establish a scientific and reasonable parking demand model for TOD exploitation in new urban areas. Influencing factors of parking demand in new urban areas under the concept of TOD are determined, and a framework for a parking demand model is constructed. A travel cost measurement model for travel structures at different travel distances is established, considering travel cost as the core element, given that it affects the travel structure at different distances. Finally, taking the Hangzhou Bay New District as an example, the costs of various travel structures under TOD exploitation are calculated, and the reasonable parking demand is calculated. From the perspective of parking management, the concept of TOD is effectively supported.
Highlights
As of the end of 2019, the number of cars in China reached 260 million, of which 207 million cars were private [1], and the parking gaps were more than 200 million
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces the factors that influence parking demand; Section 3 illustrates travel costs for different single travel modes and travel chains, and establishes a travel structure measurement model at different distances based on travel cost; Section 4 provides a transit-oriented development (TOD) parking demand model that calculates the parking demand of TOD traffic districts; Section 5 takes Binhai New City as a case study to illustrate the positive effect of the TOD mode on reducing parking demands; Section 6 draws the conclusions and emphasizes the advancement of the TOD mode
Different from the influencing factors of parking demand considered in the general parking demand analysis, the parking demand of TOD in new urban areas mainly focuses on some TOD function outputs, such as reducing the number of motor vehicles, reducing the share of car travel, shortening the travel distance per capita and travel time per capita of residents, and achieving low-carbon transportation and green travel [14]
Summary
As of the end of 2019, the number of cars in China reached 260 million, of which 207 million cars were private [1], and the parking gaps were more than 200 million. The rail stations developed by TOD were selected to quantify the parking demand to guide the construction of the parking lot through the TOD concept They were not intended to satisfy the parking needs of private car owners but of public transport. The parking demand of the new urban area for TOD exploitation was determined to satisfy the requirements of sustainable development of the transportation system through the calculation and calibration of actual parameters, considering the combination of various transportation modes of rail transit, public transportation, bicycles, private cars, and walking. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces the factors that influence parking demand; Section 3 illustrates travel costs for different single travel modes and travel chains, and establishes a travel structure measurement model at different distances based on travel cost; Section 4 provides a TOD parking demand model that calculates the parking demand of TOD traffic districts; Section 5 takes Binhai New City as a case study to illustrate the positive effect of the TOD mode on reducing parking demands; Section 6 draws the conclusions and emphasizes the advancement of the TOD mode
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