Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare indicators of tobacco use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media in 2013 and 2019, and to describe these indicators according to sociodemographic variables in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey. The indicators of use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to tobacco-related media were evaluated. Prevalence and confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for the total population in 2013 and 2019 and according to sociodemographic variables for 2019. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess differences in prevalence. Results: There was an improvement in most of the indicators studied: an increase in ex-smokers, a reduction in secondhand smoke and attempts to quit smoking. All pro- and anti-tobacco media exposure indicators declined. When considering the prevalence according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, 43.8% (95%CI 41.6–46.0) of men tried to quit smoking, and 50.8% (95%CI 48.5–53.2) of women. Secondhand smoke at home was higher among women (10.2%; 95%CI 9.7–10.8). Among those who thought about quitting smoking because of warnings, the proportion was higher among women (48.0%; 95%CI 45.3–50.6). Tobacco use was higher among men (43.8%; 95%CI 41.6–46.0), in the population aged 40 to 59 years (14.9%; 95%CI 14.2–15.6), with a lower level of education (17.6%; 95%CI 16.8–18.4). Conclusion: The study showed improvement in tobacco-related indicators between the years studied. It is noteworthy that this advance was smaller in relation to the other periods previously analyzed, and therefore, greater investments in public policies to combat and control smoking in Brazil are necessary.
Highlights
Tobacco use and exposure are considered a threat to public health, responsible for a high and avoidable burden of morbidity and mortality
There was an increase in the prevalence of former smokers (17.5% in 2013 to 26.6% in 2019; prevalence ratio — PR 1.52; 95%CI 1.46–1.58); there was a decrease in the prevalence of smokers who tried to quit smoking (51.1% in 2013 to 46.7% in 2019; PR 0.91; 95%CI 0.87–0.96)
Secondhand smoke at home and at work decreased between 2013 and 2019, with emphasis on secondhand smoke at work, which declined by 37% (13.4% in 2013 and 8.4% in 2019; PR 0.63; 95%CI 0.57–0.69)
Summary
Tobacco use and exposure are considered a threat to public health, responsible for a high and avoidable burden of morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 8 million deaths worldwide have occurred due to tobacco use[1]. Combating smoking has been considered a successful action, and Brazil has become a global reference for anti-tobacco initiatives. These advances are attributed to the regulatory measures adopted in the country, such as the prohibition of advertising, promotion and sponsorship of cigarettes (except at points of sale), increase in cigarette prices, warning images on tobacco packages and packages, and banning smoking indoors, among others[4,5,6,7]
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