Abstract
Tobacco use and addiction most often begin during youth and young adulthood. Youth use of tobacco in any form is unsafe. To determine the prevalence and trends of current (past 30-day) use of nine tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookahs, tobacco pipes, snus, dissolvable tobacco, and bidis) among U.S. middle (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2011-2014 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS). In 2014, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among middle (3.9%) and high (13.4%) school students. Between 2011 and 2014, statistically significant increases were observed among these students for current use of both e-cigarettes and hookahs (p<0.05), while decreases were observed for current use of more traditional products, such as cigarettes and cigars, resulting in no change in overall tobacco use. Consequently, 4.6 million middle and high school students continue to be exposed to harmful tobacco product constituents, including nicotine. Nicotine exposure during adolescence, a critical window for brain development, might have lasting adverse consequences for brain development, causes addiction, and might lead to sustained tobacco use. For this reason, comprehensive and sustained strategies are needed to prevent and reduce the use of all tobacco products among youths in the United States.
Highlights
DURING THE 1980S AND 1990S, SALMOnella serotype Enteritidis (SE) emerged as an important cause of human illness in the United States
Casecontrol studies of sporadic infections and outbreak investigations found that this increase was associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs.[1]
From 1996 to 1998, the rate of cultureconfirmed SE cases reported to CDC declined to 2.2 per 100,000; outbreaks of illness caused by SE continue to occur
Summary
DURING THE 1980S AND 1990S, SALMOnella serotype Enteritidis (SE) emerged as an important cause of human illness in the United States. The rate of SE isolates reported to CDC increased from 0.6 per 100,000 population in 1976 to 3.6 per 100,000 in 1996. Casecontrol studies of sporadic infections and outbreak investigations found that this increase was associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs.[1]. From 1996 to 1998, the rate of cultureconfirmed SE cases reported to CDC declined to 2.2 per 100,000; outbreaks of illness caused by SE continue to occur. This report describes four SE outbreaks during 1996-1998 associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs and discusses measures that may be contributing to the decline in culture-confirmed SE cases. Stool cultures taken from 12 ill persons yielded SE; selected isolates tested were phage type 4. An investigation by LACDHS found that of 17 persons at the dinner, 13 had gastrointestinal illness consistent with salmonellosis. On the basis of these findings, the layer flock was depopulated to prevent further SE cases
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
