Tobacco smoke exposure enhances reward sensitivity in male and female rats.

Abstract

Systemic administration of the tobacco smoke constituent nicotine stimulates brain reward function in rats. However, it is unknown if the inhalation of tobacco smoke affects brain reward function. These experiments investigated if exposure to smoke from high-nicotine SPECTRUM research cigarettes increases reward function and affects the rewarding effects of nicotine in adult male and female Wistar rats. Reward function after smoke or nicotine exposure was investigated using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure. A decrease in reward thresholds reflects an increase in reward function. In the first experiment, the rats were exposed to tobacco smoke for 40min/day for 9days, and the rewarding effects of nicotine (0.03-0.6mg/kg) were investigated 3weeks later. In the second experiment, the dose effects of tobacco smoke exposure (40-min sessions, 1-4 cigarettes burnt simultaneously) on reward function were investigated. Tobacco smoke exposure did not affect the nicotine-induced decrease in reward thresholds or response latencies in male and female rats. Smoke exposure lowered the brain reward thresholds to a similar degree in males and females and caused a greater decrease in latencies in females. There was a positive relationship between plasma nicotine and cotinine levels and the nicotine content of the SPECTRUM research cigarettes. Similar smoke exposure conditions led to higher plasma nicotine and cotinine levels in female than male rats. These findings indicate that tobacco smoke exposure enhances brain reward function but does not potentiate the rewarding effects of nicotine in male and female rats.