To the question of the modern structure of a separate forensic methodology

Abstract

The article analyzes the structure of the forensic method of investigation of certain types of crimes, proposes its modern structure, in particular, a separate forensic method must necessarily include a forensic characteristic, typical investigative situations and programs (algorithms) of the investigator's actions in each judicial investigation. stages of the investigation, specifics of the tactics of individual investigative (search) actions, other measures and tactical operations, as well as specifics of the investigation under martial law.
 Forensic characterization is considered as an important structural unit of a separate methodology, which reflects its purely forensic aspect, describes forensically significant, statistically derived features of crimes of a certain group. The author comes to the conclusion that forensic characteristics include signs of circumstances that are subject to proof (but not all), but only those signs that determine the choice of appropriate forensic means, techniques and methods of crime investigation (forensically significant). Therefore, he claims that the refusal to study the circumstances to be proven in the methodology and in most of the modern dissertation studies in criminology will be justified.
 Based on the analysis of existing scientific views and concepts, the author substantiates the position of highlighting the initial stage of the investigation, as well as the feasibility of developing recommendations for the organization of the investigator's actions at this stage and in the investigation process at two traditional stages. forensic stages: initial and subsequent. Based on a comparison of a specific investigative situation that arose during the investigation of a specific crime with a typical one, investigators should choose the appropriate, most effective forensic means and methods of establishing objective reality.
 The inclusion in the structure of a separate forensic methodology of investigation features under martial law is considered as an urgent need of practical workers. After all, the conditions of martial law make changes both in the program (algorithm) of the investigator's actions and in the tactics of conducting investigative (search) actions. This is due to the fact that the legislator departed from the principle of immediacy of the research of evidence.
 It is noted that the study of other forensic aspects of the investigation of certain types of crimes may take place.