TO THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CINEMA ART IN HALYCHYNA (GALICIA) of 20–30’s of the 20th century

Abstract

The study of the history of Ukrainian cinema in Western Ukraine requires the additional explorations, since in the not numerous professional publications on this topic are described either occasionally or in general terms. For instance, in “The History of Ukrainian Cinema” by L. Hoseika notion of cinema at Halychyna (Galicia) is mentioned indirectly only in the footnotes; in the Diaspora’s publication “The History of the Ukrainian Cinema” by B. Berest this topic is placed in a small chapter “Ukrainian cinema in other regions of Ukraine”; To study the conditions in which the process of formation and development of Ukrainian cinema art in Galicia in the 20–30’s of the 20th century took place. Determine the genre and thematic variety of films that were filmed during the specified period. To indicate which personalities have become creators of cinema in the interwar period in Western Ukraine and their contribution to the development of Ukrainian cinema. Methods of analysis and synthesis are applied; also the historical and the comparative methods. In the beginning of the 20th century cinema becomes a powerful means of social communication and gets its national identity. Ukrainian cinema art developed not only within the boundaries of the USSR, but also in other territories, which were under the control of other states as a result of the defeat in the National liberation struggles. The history of the Ukrainian cinema art of Halychyna (Galicia) in this difficult period was created by personalities (Y. Dorosh, I. Sorochko, O. Pezhansky, I. Yatsentii, V. Pankiv, R. Turin, P. Kovzhun, R. Selsky, M. Trush, V. and J. Slonevski, S. Skoda, etc.), who in 20–30’s of the 20th century were the pioneers of the creation of Ukrainian cinema, they understood the importance and necessity of a such direction. Even despite the economic problems and the censorship of the Polish authorities can be concluded that Ukrainian cinema was actively developing in Halychyna (Galicia) in the 1930’s. The attraction of local artists to professional film production was traced, the diversification of its thematic and genre, the education of national specialists for the cinema. The experience of such artistic groups as “SonyaFilm”, “Orion Film”, “Artes”, “Avangarde”, was the most valuable in demonstrating of the presence of a powerful creative potential of the Ukrainian community and the desire of shooting movies based on the models of the Europe of those times. Investigated the development of the cinematography in the Western Ukraine of the early 20th century has been analyzed; the genre variety of films is considered and conditions for the establishment of cinema in Halychyna has been described. The activities of such art groups as “Sonyafilm”, “Orion-film”, “Artes”, “Avangarda” for the development of cinema of Halician Ukrainians in the late 20’s and 30’s of the 20th century was shown.