To Study the Biochemical Changes For Prediction of Essential Hypertension

Abstract

Background: In industrialized countries, hypertension is the fourth leading cause of death, but in underdeveloped countries, it is the seventh leading cause of death. Hypertension, defined as a systolic BP of 140 mmHg or a diastolic BP of 90 mmHg, is responsible for roughly 7.1 million deaths worldwide each year. Hypertension is a crucial independent prognosticator of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accidents and death. In 2008, 17.3 million people died from CVDs, accounting for 30% of all global deaths. Over 80% of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and men and women die in nearly equal numbers. It is predicted that cardiovascular diseases will spread fast in India, with the country accounting for more than half of all heart disease cases in the world within the next 15 years. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between hyperuricemia and EHT in the Central Indian population.
 Aim: To establish the significance of Biochemical Changes in the prediction of essential hypertension.
 Material and Method: A total of 250 people took part in this cross-sectional hospital-based case control study. All of the subjects were recruited at random from the Medicine OPD, attendants or family members of established hypertension patients, and healthy volunteers such as clinical and nonclinical personnel of a tertiary care hospital, as well as people who came to the hospital for a health examination. All of the age and sex matched subjects (20-50 years old) were separated into three groups: 70 subjects with normal blood pressure made up the control group. 90 cases of prehypertension were included in the Pre-HT group. 90 patients of newly diagnosed essential hypertension were included in the HT group. JNC7 criteria are used to determine the diagnosis of PreHT and EHT. Using commercially available reagents or kits, the levels of serum uric acid (SUA), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid profile, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose were determined. The levels of serum creatinine and fasting blood glucose were calculated to rule out renal disease and diabetes mellitus, respectively.
 Results: The significantly increased trend in mean serum uric acid level was observed from control to prehypertensive to hypertensive cases. This study showed that hypertensive cases had significantly higher level of MDA than prehypertensive and control group. Among lipid profile parameters the significantly increasing trend was observed in mean value of TC, LDL, VLDL and TGL from control to prehypertensive to hypertensive cases whereas decreasing trend was observed in mean value of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) from control to prehypertensive to hypertensive cases.
 Conclusion: As a result, our findings suggest that regular monitoring of blood pressure, serum uric acid, and lipid levels, as well as preserving oxidative balance in hypertensive patients, could assist to avoid CVD and other hypertension-related disorders. The progression of disease could be slowed by providing proper education to patients about a healthy lifestyle and encouraging them to engage in activities such as yoga, aerobics, and walking, among other things.
 Keywords: Uric Acid, MDA, CVD and Hypertension