Abstract
Pleural effusion is the condition characterized by an abnormal collection of uid in pleural space resulting from excess uid production or decreased absorption(1–3). It is due to pleural uid accumulation inside pleural space. The major mechanism include: increased interstitial uid in the lungssecondary to increased pulmonary capillary pressure (i.e., heart failure) or permeability (i.e., pneumonia); decreased intrapleural pressure (i.e., atelectasis); decreased plasma oncotic pressure (i.e., hypoalbuminemia); increased pleural membrane permeability and obstructed lymphatic ow (e.g., pleural malignancy or infection); diaphragmatic defects (i.e., hepatic hydrothorax); and thoracic duct rupture (i.e., chylothorax)(4).
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