Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most practical and prevalent photo-functional materials. Many researchers have endeavored to design several types of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. In particular, TiO2-based photocatalysts operating under visible light should be urgently designed and developed, in order to take advantage of the unlimited solar light available. Herein, we review recent advances of TiO2-based visible-light-sensitive photocatalysts, classified by the origins of charge separation photo-induced in (1) bulk impurity (N-doping), (2) hetero-junction of metal (Au NPs), and (3) interfacial surface complexes (ISC) and their related photocatalysts. These photocatalysts have demonstrated useful applications, such as photocatalytic mineralization of toxic agents in the polluted atmosphere and water, photocatalytic organic synthesis, and artificial photosynthesis. We wish to provide comprehension and enlightenment of modification strategies and mechanistic insight, and to inspire future work.

Highlights

  • A large number of O vacancies are introduced into the N-doped TiO2 with increasing annealing temperature, since the of O vacancies are introduced into the N-doped TiO2 with increasing annealing temperature, since

  • TiO2 photocatalysts, highlighting thesome bulk and/or surfaceissues electronic structures modified by doping with photocatalysts, surface electronic by their doping with nitrogen anions;highlighting plasmonic the

  • The interface and separation, bulk properties, including surface bending, structure, surfaceTailoring state distribution, and charge significantly reflects on theband photocatalysis

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Summary

Introduction

Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) is one of the most practical and prevalent photo-functional materials, since it is chemically stable, abundant (Ti: 10th highest Clarke number), nontoxic, and cost-effective. In the late 1990s, Anpo et al first reported that TiO2 doped with Cr, V, and Fe cations by ion implantation operates under visible light irradiation. They exhibited red shift of the band-edge of the Catalysts 2019, 9, 201; doi:10.3390/catal9020201 www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts. Much works for the design and development of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. Photocatalysts are considered to work under similar principles Along these backgrounds, backgrounds, this review focuses on advances the recent advances of the. NPs), and charge separation photo-induced in (1) the bulk impurity (N-doping), (2) hetero-junction of metal(3) They (See have Figure been well by several (Au and surface (3) the complex interfacial surface complex.

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts
Synthesis of N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst
Dry Processes
Wet Processes
N-states
DFT calculations
DFT Calculations
XPS spectra
Electron Paramagnetic
Schematic
OHare leveldirectly can directly oxidize
Energy forfor sub-band of N-doped photo-induced charge transfer
Application
Photocatalytic
PtCl6 AgNO3
C3N4-modified TiO2 compared with N-doped TiO2
N4 –TiO
Plasmonic Au NPs modified TiO2
Preparation and characterization of Au–TiO2 photocatalyst
Characterization of the Au–TiO2 Photocatalyst
Application of LSPR of Au–TiO2 to Several Photocatalytic Reactions
Mechanisms of charge
Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Photocatalysis
What Is the Origin of the Visible Light Response?
18. The orbital
What Makes the High Selectivity for the Photocatalytic Reactions?
Photocatalytic oxidation of intermediates benzyl amine into
Findings
Conclusions

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