Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most practical and prevalent photo-functional materials. Many researchers have endeavored to design several types of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. In particular, TiO2-based photocatalysts operating under visible light should be urgently designed and developed, in order to take advantage of the unlimited solar light available. Herein, we review recent advances of TiO2-based visible-light-sensitive photocatalysts, classified by the origins of charge separation photo-induced in (1) bulk impurity (N-doping), (2) hetero-junction of metal (Au NPs), and (3) interfacial surface complexes (ISC) and their related photocatalysts. These photocatalysts have demonstrated useful applications, such as photocatalytic mineralization of toxic agents in the polluted atmosphere and water, photocatalytic organic synthesis, and artificial photosynthesis. We wish to provide comprehension and enlightenment of modification strategies and mechanistic insight, and to inspire future work.
Highlights
A large number of O vacancies are introduced into the N-doped TiO2 with increasing annealing temperature, since the of O vacancies are introduced into the N-doped TiO2 with increasing annealing temperature, since
TiO2 photocatalysts, highlighting thesome bulk and/or surfaceissues electronic structures modified by doping with photocatalysts, surface electronic by their doping with nitrogen anions;highlighting plasmonic the
The interface and separation, bulk properties, including surface bending, structure, surfaceTailoring state distribution, and charge significantly reflects on theband photocatalysis
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) is one of the most practical and prevalent photo-functional materials, since it is chemically stable, abundant (Ti: 10th highest Clarke number), nontoxic, and cost-effective. In the late 1990s, Anpo et al first reported that TiO2 doped with Cr, V, and Fe cations by ion implantation operates under visible light irradiation. They exhibited red shift of the band-edge of the Catalysts 2019, 9, 201; doi:10.3390/catal9020201 www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts. Much works for the design and development of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. Photocatalysts are considered to work under similar principles Along these backgrounds, backgrounds, this review focuses on advances the recent advances of the. NPs), and charge separation photo-induced in (1) the bulk impurity (N-doping), (2) hetero-junction of metal(3) They (See have Figure been well by several (Au and surface (3) the complex interfacial surface complex.
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