Abstract
Deactivation of catalysts in coal liquefaction hydrotreaters has been correlated with the deposition of carbonaceous materials and metals, especially iron and titanium. However, there are questions concerning the origin of the titanium, how it deposits, and the degree of deactivation that it causes. Using a microflow reactor, we contacted Shell 328 catalyst extrudates with hydrogenated creosote oil, with and without 0.07% titanium porphyrin, one of the many titanium compounds potentially responsible for depositing metal on catalyst. The experiments were conducted at 350°C, 500 psi hydrogen, and a space velocity of 2 g feed/g catalyst/h. At a catalyst age of 25 g feed/g catalyst the extrudates contained 3.9 wt% carbon and, with porphyrin, showed shell progressive poisoning at a loading of 0.7% titanium in the anatase form of TiO 2 which is typical of deposition found in catalysts obtained from large scale liquefaction reactors. Catalyst activities determined by model compound reactions indicated little additional deactivation due to the titanium as compared to deactivation resulting from deposits of carbonaceous material alone.
Published Version
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