Titanium-based materials: synthesis, properties, and applications

Abstract

Titanium-based materials have been of tremendous interest due to applications ranging from aerospace, machinery to daily use. Titanium is used in naval ships, aerospace, missiles, armor plating, and surgical implants. Titanium-based materials can be grouped as titanium alloys, titanium ceramics, and titanium matrix composites. The application of titanium alloys is increasing due to the low-weight products of automobile and aerospace tools with the advantage of the multiple material design. Titanium and its alloys are impervious to all forms of environmental damage, including contaminants. It can endure urban pollutants, maritime environments, industrial sulphur compounds, and remain failure-proof in even worse conditions. Titanium ceramics are brittle, hard, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant. Titanium-based ceramics are used to make wear and abrasion resistant elements like cutting tools, forming dies, as well as elevated-temperature structural modules in engines and heat exchangers. Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) have high specific strength and stiffness compared to steel and nickel-based materials. This paper aims to give the scientific community a comprehensive understanding of the various synthesis processes of Titanium-based materials, their mechanical properties, and their applications.