Titanium addition influences antibacterial activity of bioactive glass coatings on metallic implants

Abstract

<p>In an attempt to combat the possibility of bacterial infection and insufficient bone growth around metallic, surgical implants, <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/chemistry/bioglass" target="_blank">bioactive glasses</a> may be employed as coatings. In this work, silica-based and borate-based glass series were synthesized for this purpose and subsequently characterized in terms of antibacterial <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/neuroscience/behavior-neuroscience" target="_blank">behavior</a>, solubility and cytotoxicity. Borate-based glasses were found to exhibit significantly superior <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/antibacterial-activity" target="_blank">antibacterial properties</a> and increased solubility compared to their silica-based counterparts, with BRT0 and BRT3 (borate-based glasses with 0 and 15 mol% of titanium dioxide incorporated, respectively) outperforming the remainder of the glasses, both <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/boric-acid" target="_blank">borate</a> and silicate based, in these respects. <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/atomic-absorption-spectrometry" target="_blank">Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy</a> confirmed the release of <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/zinc-ion" target="_blank">zinc ions</a> (Zn2+), which has been linked to the antibacterial abilities of glasses SRT0, BRT0 and BRT3, with inhibition effectively achieved at concentrations lower than 0.7 ppm. <em>In vitro</em> cytotoxicity studies using MC3T3-E1 <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/osteoblast" target="_blank">osteoblasts</a> confirmed that <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cell-proliferation" target="_blank">cell proliferation</a> was affected by all glasses in this study, with decreased proliferation attributed to a faster release of <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/chemistry/sodium-ion" target="_blank">sodium ions</a> over <a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/topics/engineering/calcium-ion" target="_blank">calcium ions</a> in both glass series, factor known to slow cell proliferation <em>in vitro</em>.</p> <p> </p>