Abstract
Regulation of gene expression can occur at several levels — namely transcription, post-transcriptional processing, translation, and transport 1 — but expression of tissue-specific genes seems to be regulated predominantly at the level of transcription 2, which therefore is the primary subject of this review. This article first summarizes some physical properties generally diagnostic for active v. inactive genes, such as nucleosome structure of the chromatin, sensitivity to nuclease digestion, and extent of DNA methylation. We then also describe enhancers and repetitive DNA elements, two classes of DNA segments associated with tissue-specific gene regulation. Finally we discuss the possibilities of studying tissue-specific gene regulation by means of introducing genes into fertilized eggs and allowing them to develop and differentiate.
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