Abstract
Two-component system (TCS) is one of the key signal sensing machinery which enables species to sense environmental stimuli. It essentially comprises of three major components, sensory histidine kinase proteins (HKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (Hpts), and response regulator proteins (RRs). The members of the TCS family have already been identified in Arabidopsis and rice but the knowledge about their functional indulgence during various abiotic stress conditions remains meager. Current study is an attempt to carry out comprehensive analysis of the expression of TCS members in response to various abiotic stress conditions and in various plant tissues in Arabidopsis and rice using MPSS and publicly available microarray data. The analysis suggests that despite having almost similar number of genes, rice expresses higher number of TCS members during various abiotic stress conditions than Arabidopsis. We found that the TCS machinery is regulated by not only various abiotic stresses, but also by the tissue specificity. Analysis of expression of some representative members of TCS gene family showed their regulation by the diurnal cycle in rice seedlings, thus bringing-in another level of their transcriptional control. Thus, we report a highly complex and tight regulatory network of TCS members, as influenced by the tissue, abiotic stress signal, and diurnal rhythm. The insights on the comparative expression analysis presented in this study may provide crucial leads toward dissection of diverse role(s) of the various TCS family members in Arabidopsis and rice.
Highlights
Growth potential of the plants are severely affected under various abiotic stress conditions especially salinity and drought
The Two-component system (TCS) signaling members were retrieved for Arabidopsis and rice as done earlier (Pareek et al, 2006) using TIGR rice database version 7.0 and TAIR version 10 for Arabidopsis, in order to rule out any new member or deleted member protein from the updated genome database versions
The analysis of TCS members has been carried out using latest version of genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (TAIR ver. 10) and Oryza sativa (TIGR ver. 7) using pfam profiles (Pareek et al, 2006)
Summary
Growth potential of the plants are severely affected under various abiotic stress conditions especially salinity and drought. Since plants are rooted to a place, they have to make adjustments in their genetic and metabolic machinery in order to survive under abiotic stress conditions. Plants use specific signaling machineries to relay the stress signals in order to “switch on” the adaptive responses which assist plants in developing tolerance toward abiotic stress. Diurnal rhythm influences TCS machinery of the signaling machineries are conserved across various genera. One such signaling machinery is the two-component system (TCS) or His-to-Asp phosphorelay which is well-known and conserved machinery for signal transduction in the cells (Mochida et al, 2010; Nongpiur et al, 2012). Apart from stress signaling, TCS has been one of the key regulators for many biological processes such as cell division, cell growth and proliferation, and responses to growth regulators in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Stock et al, 2000; Hwang et al, 2002; Mizuno, 2005; Pareek et al, 2006; Schaller et al, 2008; Pils and Heyl, 2009)
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