Abstract
Tissue engineering refers to the attempt to create functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory. This is a field that uses living cells, biocompatible materials, suitable biochemical and physical factors, and their combinations to create tissue-like structures. To date, no tissue engineered skeletal muscle implants have been developed for clinical use, but they may represent a valid alternative for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss in the near future. Herein, we reviewed the literature and showed different techniques to produce synthetic tissues with the same architectural, structural and functional properties as native tissues.
Highlights
The musculoskeletal system contains a variety of supporting tissues, including muscle, bone, ligament, cartilage, tendon and meniscus, which support the shape and structure of the body
They demonstrated that these scaffolds biodegrade at a rate that corresponds to the regeneration of the damaged muscle; biological scaffolds cannot be considered as permanent implants, but should rather be used as a temporary support to extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover by resident cells
The cartridge is placed in the printer, and small droplets of ink are created thanks to the air bubbles produced by heat
Summary
The musculoskeletal system contains a variety of supporting tissues, including muscle, bone, ligament, cartilage, tendon and meniscus, which support the shape and structure of the body. Free functional muscle transfer (FFMT) differs from a traditional muscle flap because it involves the transplantation of a donor muscle with its artery, vein and nerve transected and sewn in a new location In this way, skeletal muscle can be moved anywhere on the body, and the surgeon can modify its size and orientation in order to optimize functional outcomes [8]. The limitations of the procedure include the damage of the donor site; extended rehabilitation, which is limited by the reinnervation to the motor endplates in the donor muscle; and long operative times requiring high technical skills, which can limit its widespread use [14] Both free functional muscle transfer and traditional muscle flap techniques often lead to infection, graft failure, and donor site morbidity due to tissue necrosis. Tissue engineering strategies can be divided into two main categories: scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
