Abstract
The management of articular cartilage defects is one of the most challenging clinical problems for orthopaedic surgeons. Articular cartilage, a highly organized tissue with substantial durability, has a limited intrinsic healing capacity. Damage from trauma or degenerative pathology frequently results in gradual tissue deterioration, leading to debilitating joint pain, functional impairment and degenerative arthritis. At present, the common surgical treatments for articular cartilage injuries include microfracture, subchondral bone drilling, lavage and debridement and perichondral arthroplasty, autologous osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation and autogenetic cancellous bone grafts. However, these techniques are not long-term clinical solutions, prompting the development of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches to restore articular cartilage. Key words: Articular cartilage; Repair; Tissue engineering; Stem cells; Scaffolds
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