Tissue Engineering; Current Status & Futuristic Scope.

Preeti Sharma,Vijaya Dhar Bhatt,Rachna Sharma,Ps Dhot,Pradeep Kumar

doi:10.25122/jml-2019-0032

Preeti Sharma, Vijaya Dhar Bhatt + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2019-0032

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Abstract

Almost 30 years have passed since the term ‘tissue engineering’ was created to represent a new concept that focuses on the regeneration of neotissues from cells with the support of biomaterials and growth factors. This interdisciplinary engineering has attracted much attention as a new therapeutic means that may overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial organs and organ transplantation that have also been aiming at replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the tissues regenerated by tissue engineering and widely applied to patients are still minimal, including skin, bone, cartilage, capillary, and periodontal tissues. What are the reasons for such slow advances in clinical applications of tissue engineering? This article gives a brief overview of the current state of tissue engineering, covering the fundamentals and applications. The fundamentals of tissue engineering involve cell sources, scaffolds for cell expansion and differentiation, as well as carriers for growth factors. Animal and human trials are a major part of the applications. Based on these results, some critical problems to be resolved for the advances of tissue engineering are addressed from the engineering point of view, emphasizing the close collaboration between medical doctors and biomaterials scientists.

Highlights

A newer concept named ‘tissue engineering’ came to light almost 30 years ago, the main focus of which was neotissue regeneration
With the help of biological tools in the form of biomaterials and growth factors, engineering of tissues technique emerged as a therapeutic means to treat many of the challenging medical conditions
Though still in its grooming stage, tissue engineering is able to meet the risks involved in organ transplantation and artificial organ implants

Summary

Introduction

A newer concept named ‘tissue engineering’ came to light almost 30 years ago, the main focus of which was neotissue regeneration. TE is an emerging technology that uses the combination of cells, engineering methods and materials and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions, meant to reconstruct damaged or diseased organs and tissues in vitro and transplantation in vivo to recover lost or malfunctioned organ or tissue [1]. The 3D scaffold printing technique with desired cells for tissue preparation has completely revolutionized the TE technique by advancing the construction of biomimetic living tissues [38] These kinds of strategies will further lead to the synthesis of vascularised 3D soft organs to meet the organ transplant crisis. The primary clinical obstacles relate to problems with the transfer of living cells from the culture conditions into the human body; this applies to many isolated cells, tissue constructs and artificially engineered organs. While the rapid and creative advances in tissue bioengineering hold great promise for the future of regenerative medicine, balanced and critical evaluation of these new technologies, including robust ethical discussions, is required for realistic consideration and promotion of potential clinical applications

Conclusion

17. Huanjing Bi and Yan Jin Current progress of skin tissue engineering