Tissue distributions and seasonal dynamics of the hepatotoxic microcystins-LR and -RR in a freshwater snail ( Bellamya aeruginosa) from a large shallow, eutrophic lake of the subtropical China

Abstract

Tissue distributions and seasonal dynamics of the hepatotoxic microcystins-LR and -RR in a freshwater snail ( Bellamya aeruginosa) were studied monthly in a large shallow, eutrophic lake of the subtropical China during June–November, 2003. Microcystins (MCs) were quantitatively determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a qualitative analysis by a Finnigan LC–MS system. On the average of the study period, hepatopancreas was the highest in MC contents (mean 4.14 and range 1.06–7.42 μg g −1 DW), followed by digestive tracts (mean 1.69 and range 0.8–4.54 μg g −1 DW) and gonad (mean 0.715 and range 0–2.62 μg g −1 DW), whereas foot was the least (mean 0.01 and range 0–0.06 μg g −1 DW). There was a positive correlation in MC contents between digestive tracts and hepatopancreas. A constantly higher MC content in hepatopancreas than in digestive tracts indicates a substantial bioaccumulation of MCs in the hepatopancreas of the snail. The average ratio of MC-LR/MC-RR showed a steady increase from digestive tracts (0.44) to hepatopancreas (0.63) and to gonad (0.96), suggesting that MC-LR was more resistant to degradation in the snail. Since most MCs were present in the hepatopancreas, digestive tracts and gonad with only a very small amount in the edible foot, the risk to human health may not be significant if these toxic parts are removed prior to snail consumption. However, the possible transference of toxins along food chains should not be a negligible concern.