Tissue Constructs with Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Bone Defects in Rats.

Guilherme Caetano,Salem Al-Deyab,Mohamed El-Newehy,Paulo Bártolo,Leonardo Bagne,Weiguang Wang,Marcel Leite,Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade,Adriana Murashima,José Roberto Passarini,Miguel Hyppolito

doi:10.3390/ma12142268

Abstract

The use of porous scaffolds created by additive manufacturing is considered a viable approach for the regeneration of critical-size bone defects. This paper investigates the xenotransplantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) tissue constructs seeded with differentiated and undifferentiated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to treat calvarial critical-sized defect in Wistar rats. PCL scaffolds without cells were also considered. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluations were performed to assess the feasibility of these different approaches. In the case of cell seeded scaffolds, it was possible to observe the presence of hADSCs in the rat tissue contributing directly (osteoblasts) and indirectly (stimulation by paracrine factors) to tissue formation, organization and mineralization. The presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the rat tissue treated with cell-seeded PCL scaffolds suggests that the paracrine factors of undifferentiated hADSC cells could stimulate BMP-2 production by surrounding cells, leading to osteogenesis. Moreover, BMP-2 acts synergistically with growth factors to induce angiogenesis, leading to higher numbers of blood vessels in the groups containing undifferentiated and differentiated hADSCs.

Highlights

Tissue engineering comprising scaffold-based and cell laden approaches represents a viable alternative to conventional grafting approaches [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Screw-assisted additive manufacturing allowed the production of scaffolds with regular pore
Screw-assisted additive manufacturing allowed the production of scaffolds with regular pore processing conditions considered in this study do not induce any chemical transformation on the scaffolds were able support hADSCS

Summary

Introduction

Tissue engineering comprising scaffold-based and cell laden approaches represents a viable alternative to conventional grafting approaches [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. These different approaches have been explored to treat a wide range of tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, nerve and skin [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17].

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