Abstract
Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (FSAE) is a student design competition organized by SAE International (previously known as the Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE). Commonly, the student team performs a lap simulation as a point mass, bicycle or planar model of vehicle dynamics allow for the design of a top-level concept of the FSAE vehicle. However, to design different FSAE components, a full vehicle simulation is required including a comprehensive tire model. In the proposed study, the different tires of a FSAE vehicle were tested at a track to parametrize the tire based on the empirical approach commonly known as the magic formula. A thermal tire model was proposed to describe the tread, carcass, and inflation gas temperatures. The magic formula was modified to incorporate the temperature effect on the force capability of a FSAE tire to achieve higher accuracy in the simulation environment. Considering the model validation, the several maneuvers, typical for FSAE competitions, were performed. A skidpad and full lap maneuvers were chosen to simulate steady-state and transient behavior of the FSAE vehicle. The full vehicle simulation results demonstrated a high correlation to the measurement data for steady-state maneuvers and limited accuracy in highly dynamic driving. In addition, the results show that neglecting temperature in the tire model results in higher root mean square error (RMSE) of lateral acceleration and yaw rate.
Highlights
Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (FSAE) known as formula student (FS) is a competition in which students design a single seat formula race car to compete against other FS teams from all over the world [1].The competition motivates the students for innovative solutions to demonstrate their engineering talent and obtain new skills
This paper proposes an empirical tire model coupled with a thermal model to incorporate temperature effects on the force capability of the tire
The thermal model was proposed to model the influence of temperature on peak friction and the shear modulus, allowing for a better representation of the temperature variation under different load conditions
Summary
Formula SAE (FSAE) known as formula student (FS) is a competition in which students design a single seat formula race car to compete against other FS teams from all over the world [1]. The competition motivates the students for innovative solutions to demonstrate their engineering talent and obtain new skills. It allows the students to apply theoretical knowledge into practice in a dynamic and competitive environment. Since 2001 students have joined Formula Student Team Delft [2] on an annual basis to participate in the FSAE competition, earlier in the combustion class and electric class from 2011. Aiming to improve the FSAE vehicle performance, the team collaborated with Apollo Vredestein B.V.
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