Tinospora cordifoliaapproached copper oxide nanoparticles using different concentrations for optical and antibacterial applications

Abstract

• Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using different concentrations of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract. • Tinospora cordifolia extract acted as both a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of CuO-NPs. • Effects of leaf concentration on average crystallite size, morphology, and antibacterial activity of CuO-NPs studied. • The highest amount of TC extract concentration containing CuO-NPs is more effective against the antibacterial activity than lower concentrations. In the present work, we successfully synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) via the green route using different concentrations of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) leaf extract. While adding TC leaf extract to copper acetate solution, the solution turned from bluish to dark green due to the formation of nanostructured copper oxide particles, and it was also confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the crystalline nature and pure monoclinic phase of the CuO-NPs with an average crystallite size of 33–38 nm range. FTIR spectroscopy study confirmed the existing functional groups. TheFESEM and TEM images showed that the CuO-NPs have a spherical structure with an average particle size of 20–30 nm and EDX analysis confirmed the existence of oxygen and copper elements. Further, the photoluminescence (PL) study showed the emission peaks within the 412 to 500 nm wavelength range and Raman spectra confirmed the pure phase of the synthesized CuO-NPs. CuO-NPsexhibited high antibacterial efficacy at a higher amount of TC extract concentration (C60) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Coagulase-negative staphylococci. For the first time, the effects of leaf extract concentration on crystallite size, morphology, and antibacterial activity of CuO-NPs were studied.