Abstract
The contact process (CP) is a simple mathematical model for the spread of infection of a contagious disease. Though it has only nearest-neighbor interactions, phase transitions occur even in the one-dimensional system and non-equilibrium stationary states appear in supercritical phase. This implies violation of detailed balance. The appearance of such non-equilibrium states is related to directed percolation problems on the spatiotemporal plane. In the present paper, we study discretetime versions of the CP, the two-neighbor stochastic cellular automata (SCA), and clarify this viewpoint. We use two kinds of duality relations, the time-reversal duality and the planar lattice duality on the spatio-temporal plane, and give a good lower bound for the critical line of non-equilibrium phase transitions in the two-neighbor SCA.
Published Version
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