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Abstract
Exploiting the high absorption efficiency of intense, ultrashort laser pulses in gases of atomic clusters we have created plasma filaments with temperatures of $g1\mathrm{keV}$ and electron densities in excess of ${10}^{20}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Using picosecond laser pulses, we have interferometrically measured the temporal and spatial evolution of the electron density in these plasmas on a fast $(l50\mathrm{ps})$ time scale. Our measurements indicate that nonlocal heat transport by hot electrons drives a fast ionization wave, and the data agree well with a nonlocal heat transport model.
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