Abstract
Time is a scarce resource. Females in Pakistan are considered to be time poor since they are burdened with paid as well as non-paid work. Recent labor force statistics reveal female workforce participation is not increasing as it should be and ‘being time poor' is one of the many reasons. The current study sheds light on factors that make females time poor which has lead to decreased labor force participation. The study is qualitative in nature 15 respondents were interviewed which lead to identification of 7 major themes which include job timings higher studies, lack of support, societal pressure, child care, domestic responsibilities and patriarchal beliefs. Government must assist females in provisions of day cares, flexible job timings, awareness programs and female job quotas so that their participation in the labor force can be increased.Keywords: Time poverty, labor force participation, patriarchal societyJEL Classification: I32, J21DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.10251
Highlights
The application and analysis of poverty has been primarily studied from the perspective of economics and is often used for describing the monetary related measures for instance consumption, income and capital
The economic indicators evaluate the individual poverty level they do not take into account the nonpaid or unremunerated work which needs attention and in addition the resource factor of time is often neglected in the analysis (Hamermesh and Pfann, 2005)
The use of time poverty data allows in particular better evaluation of intrahousehold issues, limitations individuals face in labor market and supply (Razavi, 2005).The societal gender roles are such that women are primarily responsible for carrying out the unpaid work such as household or domestic chores and responsibility of child care and elderly care
Summary
The application and analysis of poverty has been primarily studied from the perspective of economics and is often used for describing the monetary related measures for instance consumption, income and capital. The use of time poverty data allows in particular better evaluation of intrahousehold issues, limitations individuals face in labor market and supply (Razavi, 2005).The societal gender roles are such that women are primarily responsible for carrying out the unpaid work such as household or domestic chores and responsibility of child care and elderly care. This unpaid work is unaccounted for in the economy which does not give a clear picture of total contribution of women in the society (Peters, 1998). While the female participation in labor force is higher in today’s time than it was couple of decades ago (Morgan, 2005) the paid work women do is still deemed to be low level skill and insignificant and is less paid and undervalued as compared to the sectors that have men domination in terms of economic payout (Kabeer, 2004)
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