Abstract
The article focuses on relationship between time perspective and place of residen-ce. Five hundred and eleven Ukrainian participants completed the Zimbardo Time Per-spective Inventory [Ukrainian language version by Oksana Senyk (Senyk, 2012)] and a questionnaire that included the question about participants’ current place of residence and their place of residence in childhood. Answers to the questionnaire made it possible to consider in the research respondents’ change of residential place and its relation to the formation of different time orientations. The results have shown that the individu-al’s time perspective is influenced not by the specific life situation represented by his past or current place of residence, but upon his whole life story that includes changing different residential settlements. The research has also indicated that among all types of settlements rural settlements most significantly contribute to the development of time orientation towards a positive past.
Highlights
According to Professor Philip Zimbardo, time perspective is a fundamental value in constructing an individual’s psychological time originating from cognitive processes that divide that individual’s life experience into time frames of the past, present and future
The author de nes time perspective as “a nonconscious process whereby the continual ows of personal and social experiences are assigned to temporal categories, or time frames, that help to give order, coherence, and meaning to those events” (Zimbardo, & Boyd, 1999, p. 1271)
To research differences between time orientations of people coming from different residential settlements the group of research participants, as based on the question „Where did you spend your childhood?”, was divided into three subgroups: 1) those coming from oblast centres (n = 203), 2) those coming from towns (n = 134), 3) those coming from villages and town-like settlements (n = 173), which in total makes up 510 respondents
Summary
According to Professor Philip Zimbardo, time perspective is a fundamental value in constructing an individual’s psychological time originating from cognitive processes that divide that individual’s life experience into time frames of the past, present and future. During normal development of the child time linearity of his life space grows and his current behaviour is in uenced by more distant past and future events. Orientation towards the future which is a necessary condition of success and in the Western culture is traditionally viewed as a precondition of psychological well-being, can signify naivety and absence of realism for other cultures: Stephen Bochner with colleague have found that children of Australian indigenous peoples, who prefer a small but immediate reward, have signi cantly higher IQ in comparison with their peers in every age group In this culture smart children are taught not to rely on an uncertain future while the work done to achieve distant goals could mean lack of adaptability In this culture smart children are taught not to rely on an uncertain future while the work done to achieve distant goals could mean lack of adaptability (see Nuttin, 2004, p. 379-380)
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