Abstract
AbstractSince 2009, one out of five European airports participate in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction programmes, although only 8% of them are certified as CO2neutral. This study aims to examine empirically internal as well as external factors of importance for airport participation in emission reduction programmes at different levels of involvement. Estimates of the Cox proportional hazard model based on almost 600 airports for the period 2009 to 2017 reveal that the likelihood and timing of participation increase with the size of the airport (number of passengers), independent of level of commitment. Performance (growth in number of passengers) and if the airport is part of a group are crucial for the advanced levels of the programme. Environmental progress at the country level is also a significant predictor, most distinctly represented by renewable electricity generation, whereas airports serving as hubs for low‐cost airlines are less likely to enter the carbon reduction programmes.
Highlights
Many firms are increasingly aware of environmental issues, and those dealing with emissions may be exposed to pressure from interest groups and stakeholders (Nakamura, Takahashi, Vertinsky, 2001; Carter, 2006; King and Lenox, 2000; Vazquez-Brust, Liston-Heyes, Plaza-Ubeda, & Burgos-Jiménez, 2010; Tuppura, Toppinen and Puumalainen, 2016)
Since the 1990s, different environmental certifications schemes are available, such as the ISO14000 family and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), there is no overall certification for the aviation industry despite general awareness of the need to reduce emissions (Efthymiou & Papatheodorou, 2018)
The Cox proportional hazard model estimations show that factors both internal and external to airports are of importance for the likelihood of introducing emission reduction programmes during the period 2009–2017.7 Just like in the literature on adoption of environmental and carbon saving programmes in firms (Frondel et al, 2008), size of the airport is an important driver of taking part (Table 3)
Summary
Many firms are increasingly aware of environmental issues, and those dealing with emissions may be exposed to pressure from interest groups and stakeholders (Nakamura, Takahashi, Vertinsky, 2001; Carter, 2006; King and Lenox, 2000; Vazquez-Brust, Liston-Heyes, Plaza-Ubeda, & Burgos-Jiménez, 2010; Tuppura, Toppinen and Puumalainen, 2016). Since the 1990s, different environmental certifications schemes are available, such as the ISO14000 family and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), there is no overall certification for the aviation industry despite general awareness of the need to reduce emissions (Efthymiou & Papatheodorou, 2018). This will be changed as from 2021, when the globally agreed on Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation will be in effect.. The certification rests on several pillars, including the use of renewable energy, energy conservation and energy efficiency, fuel switch (electrical vehicles in airside, alternative fuels), 1https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx. 2https://www.airportcarbonaccreditation.org/
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