Abstract

espanolEste trabajo analiza el proceso de construccion de la identidad de los agricultores “santomenses”, en el contexto post-reforma agraria, donde el acceso a la tierra, implica, ademas de las conquistas materiales, la conquista de bienes simbolicos y de una nueva identidad en contraste con la condicion de mero empleado del Estado o de subordinado a los antiguos duenos de las propiedades rurales. A partir de finales de los anos 80, con el fin de la nacionalizacion de la propiedad, se inicio un efectivo proceso de reforma agraria con la transformacion de millares de trabajadores asalariados en propietarios rurales, senores de sus propias tierras. Se iniciaba entonces el largo proceso de transformacion de esos meros vendedores de fuerza de trabajo en productores rurales independientes que, no teniendo salario, deben vivir de la produccion que la tierra puede proporcionarles, tanto en terminos del propio consumo, como, principalmente, por la renta obtenida con la comercializacion de sus productos. Se parte del argumento de que la gran mayoria de esos nuevos agricultores de Sao Tome y Principe, por haber vivido la mayor parte de sus vidas trabajando en el medio rural bajo ordenes de terceros, no posee la identidad que efectivamente marca el oficio de agricultor, y que se caracterizaria por cierta autonomia propiciada por la posesion de la tierra y por el conocimiento empirico de los ciclos naturales y de los procesos productivos. EnglishThis paper analyzes the process of building the identity of “santomenses” farmers under the land reform context, where the access to land might means, in addition to material gains, the achievement of symbolic values, the achieving of a new social identity. At the principle, this contrasts to the earlier condition of mere employee of the state or the subordinate to the farmer owner. From the late 80s, with the end of the nationalization of the fields, began an effective process of agrarian reform with thousands of employees in the rural areas becoming landowners. From this moment, the agrarian structure starts the long process of transformation. The new farmers leave the status of mere sellers of labor power to the independent farmers, having no salary, to become involved with the farm production, specially the products for the family subsistence and for rising family income. This work concludes that the identity of the “santomenses” farmers doesn’t present the usual farmers traits. They do not have the necessary knowledge to farm exploration, neither coming from family agricultural experience nor coming from the scientific research institutes. As a consequence, they do not recognize themselves as farmers, what, as showed by the analysis, may be a disasters, especially in the use of the natural resources under the sustainable approach.

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