Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a number of diseases in freshwater farming. Moreover, the bacterium has been identified as a zoonotic pathogen that threatens human health. Antibiotics are widely used for treatments of infectious diseases in aquaculture. However, the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains. Thus, novel strategies are required against resistant A. hydrophila strains. The quorum sensing (QS) system, involved in virulence factor production and biofilm formation, is a promising target in identifying novel drugs against A. hydrophila infections. In this study, we found that thymol, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, could significantly reduce the production of aerolysin and biofilm formation by inhibiting the transcription of genes aerA, ahyI, and ahyR. These results indicate that thymol inhibits the quorum sensing system. The protective effects of thymol against A. hydrophila mediated cell injury were determined by live/dead assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Moreover, the in vivo study showed that thymol could significantly decrease the mortality of channel catfish infected with A. hydrophila. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that thymol could be chosen as a phytotherapeutic candidate for inhibiting quorum sensing system-mediated aerolysin production and biofilm formation in A. hydrophila.
Highlights
Fish and fishery products provide protein-rich food for human consumption, the aquaculture industry has developed rapidly during the past two decades [1]
We found that thymol could significantly reduce the expression of aerolysin and the study, we found that thymol could significantly reduce the expression of aerolysin and the formation of formation biofilm of
The in vitro results demonstrated that thymol could significantly decrease the production of. These results indicate that thymol has potential therapeutic effects against A. hydrophila aerolysin, biofilm, and injury of A549 cells mediated by aerolysin in sub‐inhibitory concentrations
Summary
Fish and fishery products provide protein-rich food for human consumption, the aquaculture industry has developed rapidly during the past two decades [1]. The ever-growing threat antibiotic has fostered demand for focus alternative anti-microbial identification of novel drugs against hydrophila from natural compounds based on an strategies [7], leading to anti-virulence strategies. This focus of this study is the identification anti‐virulence strategy. 54‐kDa pore‐forming toxin secreted as proaerolysin, has been of novel drugs against A. hydrophila from natural compounds based on an anti-virulence strategy. By Theforming toxin exhibits hemolytic, cytotoxic, and on enterotoxic activities has been reported that aerolysin can cause the death of a number of cells [10]. Protection against A. hydrophila inhydrophila a channel infection catfish model
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