Abstract
Heat transfer analysis was performed on typical roofing assemblies using HEAT3, a three-dimensional heat transfer analysis software. The difference in heat transferred through the roofing assemblies considered is compared between two cases—without any steel fasteners and with steel fasteners. In the latter case, the metal roofing fasteners were arranged as per Factor Mutual Global (FMG) approvals, in the field, perimeter, and corner zones of the roof. The temperature conditions used for the analysis represented summer and winter conditions for three separate Climate Zones (CZ) namely Climate Zone 2 or CZ2 represented by Orlando, FL; CZ3 represented by Atlanta, GA; and CZ6 zone represented by St. Paul, MN. In all the climatic conditions, higher energy transfer was observed with increase in the number of metal fasteners attributed to high thermal conductivity of metals as compared to the insulation and other materials used in the roofing assembly. This difference in heat loss was also quantified in the form of percentage change in the overall or effective insulation of the roofing assembly for better understanding of the practical aspects. Besides, a comparison of 2D heat transfer analysis (using THERM software) and 3D analysis using HEAT3 is also discussed proving the relevance of 3D over 2D heat transfer analysis.
Highlights
Understanding the heat transfer through roof assemblies is crucial as these envelope systems receive the maximum amount of direct solar radiation
The results are presented in three sections emphasizing on comparing the effect of metal fasteners in a single are presented in three sections emphasizing on comparing the effect of metal fasteners in a single assembly, the comparison of different roofing assemblies with standard fastener arrangements and assembly, the comparison of different roofing assemblies with standard fastener arrangements and graphical analysis of the impacts ofofthermal on the thebasis basisofofheat heat transfer
This paper analyzed the impact of roofing fasteners on the commonly used roofing assemblies under three climate zones
Summary
Understanding the heat transfer through roof assemblies is crucial as these envelope systems receive the maximum amount of direct solar radiation. Information Administration (EIA), the energy consumed by the building sector is 47.6% of total energy produced in U.S and 74.9% of net electricity produced in U.S is used only to operate the buildings Out of this vast amount of energy used for several purposes to operate the building, space heating and cooling are among the top three usages along with lighting. This implies that a substantial amount of energy is transmitted or more precisely lost through this unintentional energy exchange through the roofing, between the interior and the exterior of the building. To reduce energy loss through building envelope systems, building energy standards such as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
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