Abstract
Cell culture is an important tool for biological research. Two-dimensional cell culture has been used for some time now, but growing cells in flat layers on plastic surfaces does not accurately model the in vivo state. As compared to the two-dimensional case, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture allows biological cells to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions thanks to an artificial environment. Cells grown in a 3D model have proven to be more physiologically relevant and showed improvements in several studies of biological mechanisms like: cell number monitoring, viability, morphology, proliferation, differentiation, response to stimuli, migration and invasion of tumor cells into surrounding tissues, angiogenesis stimulation and immune system evasion, drug metabolism, gene expression and protein synthesis, general cell function and in vivo relevance. 3D culture models succeed thanks to technological advances, including materials science, cell biology and bioreactor design.
Highlights
Working in three dimensions has widely improved an increasing number of research projects these past years
Cell culture refers to the removal of cells from a tissue before their growth to a favorable artificial environment
Using 3D cell culture increases cell viability significantly compared to growth in standard tissue culture plastic and allows cells to be grown in culture for longer periods [24]
Summary
Working in three dimensions has widely improved an increasing number of research projects these past years. Two-dimensional cell culture was used to perform in vitro research, but its efficiency has been called into question because the environment is far removed from the in vivo state. The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture creates an artificial environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with its surroundings in all three dimensions. The 3D model more accurately imitates the in vivo cells, compared to the previous flat, unnaturally thin, single layer cells grown on two dimension plastic. Thanks to the production of high fidelity models and the long-term maintenance of tissue provided by the three-dimensional cell culture, this method is currently being used in a wide range of medical and cellular research projects. We will describe the properties, principles, applications and limitations of the three-dimensional cell cultures
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